Anuradhapura is one of the oldest and most historically significant cities in Sri Lanka. It was founded by Anuradha, a minister of King Vijaya, who arrived from India in the 6th century BC and settled near the Malwathu Oya. For nearly 1,500 years, Anuradhapura served as the capital of a powerful kingdom, becoming a major hub for politics, trade, and South Asian culture. It was the heart of Sri Lanka's ancient Sinhala civilization, which evolved from native clans like the Yakshas and Nagas mixed with Indo-Aryan settlers. In the 4th century BC, King Pandukabhaya officially declared Anuradhapura the capital. A major transformation came around 250 BC when Emperor Ashoka of India sent his children—Arhat Mahinda and Bhikkhuni Sangamitta—to spread Buddhism. Arhat Mahinda met King Devanampiya Tissa at Mihintale, 12 km from the city, on a Poson Full Moon day. Their meeting led to the king’s conversion to Buddhism and the introduction of the Buddhist monastic order in Sri Lanka. This marked the start of a Buddhist cultural era that deeply influenced the country’s religion, architecture, agriculture, and lifestyle. Today, Anuradhapura’s ancient ruins offer a window into its glorious past. From majestic stupas to sacred monasteries, the city remains a vital destination for pilgrims and tourists seeking to connect with Sri Lanka’s spiritual and cultural heritage.

The Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, also known as the Sacred Bo Tree, is one of the most sacred and historic religious sites in Sri Lanka. Located in the ancient city of Anuradhapura, this sacred fig tree is believed to have grown from a branch of the original Bodhi Tree in Bodh Gaya, India the very tree under which Lord Buddha attained enlightenment. Planted in the 3rd century BCE, the sapling was brought to Sri Lanka by Sanghamitta Theri, the daughter of Emperor Ashoka of India, during the reign of King Devanampiyatissa. It was planted in the Mahamewna Gardens, marking a turning point in Sri Lanka’s history by firmly establishing Buddhism as the state religion. Today, the Sacred Bo Tree is recognized as the oldest historically documented tree in the world. For Buddhists, it is a powerful symbol of peace, enlightenment, and spiritual awakening. Pilgrims from across the globe visit this site to pay respect, meditate, and offer prayers. The tree is carefully preserved and protected. A golden fence surrounds it, and a raised stone platform supports its branches. Devotees and monks visit daily to perform rituals and offerings, showing their deep reverence and commitment to maintaining this sacred heritage. Visiting the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi is not just a spiritual experience it’s a journey into the rich history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. It remains a living link to the time of the Buddha and continues to inspire millions around the world.

The Abhayagiri Stupa, located in the ancient city of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, is a remarkable monument that reflects the island’s rich Buddhist heritage and architectural brilliance. Built in the 1st century BCE by King Valagamba (also known as Vattagamani Abhaya), this massive stupa once stood as a powerful symbol of devotion, scholarship, and religious unity. The Abhayagiri Stupa was part of the larger Abhayagiri Monastery Complex, which served as a major center for Buddhist learning, worship, and monastic life. During its peak, it attracted monks and scholars from across Asia, becoming one of the most influential Buddhist institutions of the ancient world. Originally, the stupa reached an impressive height of 115 meters (377 feet), making it the second tallest stupa in Sri Lanka at the time. Today, after centuries of natural wear and careful restoration, it stands at around 75 meters (246 feet). The base of the stupa is 355 feet in diameter, resting on a large stone-paved platform measuring 587 by 587 feet, known as the Maluwa. Constructed primarily with bricks and coated in smooth plaster, the Abhayagiri Stupa follows the traditional paddy heap-shaped design seen in many ancient Sri Lankan stupas. Its intricate architectural details and decorative elements reflect the remarkable skills of ancient builders and artists. The Abhayagiri Monastery surrounding the stupa was a vast complex with meditation halls, shrines, and living quarters for monks. It played a vital role in shaping the religious and cultural life of Sri Lanka for centuries. Despite the changes brought by time, the Abhayagiri Stupa remains a treasured monument a lasting testament to the Anuradhapura period's spiritual depth and architectural mastery.

Jethawanaramaya, located in the historic city of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, is one of the largest and most awe-inspiring stupas of the ancient world. Built during the reign of King Mahasena (273–301 CE), it stands as a powerful symbol of Buddhist devotion and architectural excellence. Originally rising to a height of about 122 meters (400 feet), Jethawanaramaya was once the third tallest structure in the ancient world, surpassed only by the Great Pyramids of Egypt. Though time has reduced its height to around 71 meters (233 feet), the structure remains an engineering marvel. Spanning 2.3 hectares (5.7 acres) at the base, the stupa rests on a solid foundation and was constructed using approximately 93 million bricks, making it one of the largest brick structures ever built. The design follows the classic “paddy heap” shape, with three circular stone terraces and stacked platforms that taper upwards. Inner chambers and passageways within the structure likely served for rituals and meditation by monks and pilgrims. Although now partially in ruins, Jethawanaramaya remains a key religious and historical landmark. It continues to attract devotees and tourists from around the world, who marvel at its grandeur and the spiritual energy that surrounds it. A visit to Jethawanaramaya offers a rare glimpse into ancient Sri Lanka’s engineering brilliance and its enduring Buddhist heritage.

The ancient city of Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka is a true treasure trove of stone sculptures and architectural marvels that reflect its deep cultural, religious, and artistic heritage. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it stands as a living museum, preserving the incredible craftsmanship of ancient Sri Lankan artisans. Among its most iconic features is the moonstone, or "Sandakada Pahana"—a beautifully carved semicircular stone slab placed at the entrance of Buddhist temples and shrines. These stones feature intricate carvings of lotus flowers, animals, and mythical beings, symbolizing the cycle of life, suffering, and the path to enlightenment in Buddhist philosophy. Another unique architectural element is the guardstone, or "Muragala", typically found at the entrances of monasteries and sacred sites. These carvings often depict guardian deities, lions, or nagas (serpent beings), believed to offer spiritual protection and ward off evil influences. Beyond moonstones and guardstones, Anuradhapura features majestic stupas, serene Buddha statues, and elaborate monastic ruins. These stone creations not only showcase artistic excellence but also provide insight into the religious values and social customs of ancient Sri Lanka. The stone art of Anuradhapura remains a powerful expression of the island’s spiritual devotion, architectural brilliance, and enduring cultural pride. These monuments continue to inspire, serving as timeless symbols of Sri Lanka’s sacred past.

The Thuparama Dagoba, located in the ancient city of Anuradhapura, is one of the most sacred and historically important Buddhist monuments in Sri Lanka. Built in the 3rd century BCE during the reign of King Devanampiya Tissa, it holds the honor of being the first stupa (dagoba) constructed in the country after the official introduction of Buddhism to Sri Lanka. Buddhism was introduced to the island by Arhat Mahinda, the son of Indian Emperor Ashoka, and Thuparama was built shortly afterward to enshrine a relic of Lord Buddha his right collarbone. This sacred relic gives the dagoba immense religious value and continues to make it a place of worship and pilgrimage for Buddhists worldwide. The Thuparama Stupa is built in the traditional style using brick and mortar, with a white plaster coating on the exterior. The stupa originally had a "Paddy Heap" shape, which was common in early Buddhist architecture, but today it stands in the Bell shape a design that became popular in later periods. The structure is about 63 feet tall and has a diameter of 59 feet, while it sits on a raised granite platform that spans 164 feet across and is 11.5 feet above ground level. This sacred stupa not only marks the beginning of Buddhist architecture in Sri Lanka but also reflects the deep spiritual roots of the nation. Its ancient design, historical relic, and peaceful surroundings continue to attract devotees and tourists alike. A visit to Thuparama Dagoba offers a glimpse into Sri Lanka’s rich religious history, its connection with Indian Emperor Ashoka, and the lasting influence of Buddhist teachings that have shaped the country’s culture for over two thousand years.

What to Wear

• Dress Modestly: When visiting sacred sites and temples, make sure your shoulders and knees are covered. Light, breathable fabrics are recommended due to the warm climate.
• Footwear: Wear comfortable sandals or shoes that are easy to remove, as you'll need to take them off when entering temple premises.

Stay Hydrated & Energized

• Carry Water: Bring a reusable water bottle to stay hydrated while exploring the large archaeological sites.
• Pack Light Snacks: Small snacks are okay, but always dispose of waste responsibly to help preserve the sacred grounds.

Photography Guidelines

• No Drones Without Permission: Drones are prohibited around religious monuments unless prior government approval is obtained.
• Respect Restrictions: Some areas, especially inside stupas or image houses, may have signs prohibiting photography follow them closely.
• No Flash: Avoid using flash as it can damage ancient murals and artifacts.

Safety & Visitor Cautions

• Wear Suitable Footwear: Exploring ruins like Mihintale or Jetavanaramaya may involve uneven surfaces or stairs. Proper footwear is essential.
• Watch for Monkeys: Monkeys are common in the area keep food sealed and avoid feeding them.
• Plan Around Heat: Mornings and late afternoons are the best times. Midday sun can be intense, so pack sunscreen, water, and sunglasses.

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Let Anuradhapura inspire you one stupa, one story, and one sacred moment at a time.